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Hi everyone! My name's Arnel. Today we are going
to look at all of these prepositions
of movement. Movement means something
is moving. These prepositions are really common,
so it's important you know how to use them. A lot
of you know I love giving tests, so at the end
of this lesson I have a test for you with 17
questions. Can you please let me know your score in
the comments below? Did you get 17 correct out of
17? Or maybe just 7 correct out of 17? That's
okay too, I love seeing that people have taken
my test. So definitely let me know your score
in the comments. I live here and I need to get
to work. The problem is my car broke down.
Break down is a phrasal verb which means
your car stops working, there's a problem.
Cars break down. So I can't drive to work,
I need to walk to work. I need to walk
from my house to work. From, to. That's
a common combination. From, the start. To,
the end. I need to walk from my house to
work. Whales. Whales migrate from Alaska to
Hawaii. From Alaska, the start. To Hawaii, the end.
The bus drove the students from school to the
museum. From the school, the start. To the museum,
the end. So this combination, from - to, is really
common with movement, but also time. I teach from
10 to 2 every day. From 10, start. To 2, the end.
Okay, here is my house. First, I need to walk
away from my house and toward the bus stop. Away
from, toward. Away from, leaving the location. Toward,
moving in this direction. What do I mean? Let's
do some more examples. Now, I am moving toward the
camera. Now, I'm moving away from the camera. My
right hand is moving toward my left hand. My right
hand is moving away from my left hand. So, in this
example you can see I'm walking away from my house
and toward the bus stop. Here's a common question:
what's the difference between to, toward, and
towards? Well, to plus destination - that's your end
point. Toward is the direction you move in. Towards,
with the S, is the exact same thing, but that's
more common in British English. Toward without
the S is more common in American English. But to
be honest, I've heard Americans using it with the
S, I've heard British people using it without the
S. So they're the same thing, but this is just a
guideline. Heather is driving to
the hospital. The hospital is her
destination. Maybe she's visiting a friend there.
Heather is driving to the hospital, but first
she has to drive toward the park and then take
a right. So the park isn't her destination, she's
not going to the park, but that's the direction of
her movement. Is the bus stop my destination? Nope.
I walk past the bus stop and along a very pretty
street. Past, let's take a look. I walked past a
bakery. I walked past a bookstore. I walked past
a flower shop. David rode past me on his bicycle.
You can see, past means you move from one side to
the other of something. Think about your drive to
work or school. Think of three buildings or things
that you drive past. We know past is a preposition.
The verb pass can be used to mean the same thing.
Pass is a regular verb. Past, past, past. Yep, past
and pass are pronounced the same. But remember
that one is a verb. I walked past a bakery.
Preposition plus object. I passed a bakery.
Verb plus object. We use, along, when we travel next
to something long. The word long is in, along. Long,
along. Long, along. My family drove along the coast.
Coasts are long, right? The kids ran along the beach.
Kim and Tim held hands as they walked along
the river. A snake, a snake slithered along
the house. So you might be thinking, well, houses
aren't long. Houses don't need to be long, but it
is kind of a straight flat surface. Okay,
so I walked past the bus stop and along
a pretty street. Eventually, eventually I
need to walk through a pedestrian tunnel. A
pedestrian tunnel. A tunnel is, a tunnel. And
a pedestrian is a person who walks, someone
who's not in a car or on a bicycle. Pedestrians
are walkers. Through. You travel in the middle.
He is trying to squeeze, he is
trying to squeeze through the
doors. Let's drive through town, in the middle. So a
lot of times with through, we think an open space,
but not always. We really do just mean from one
end to the other. Like, light. Light shines through
a window. Light shines through a window. There's an
adjective, see through. See through means transparent.
Plastic bottles are see-through. Oh, her shirt
is see through. Okay, we know through is travel
in the middle. Let's have another tunnel,
and I have a train. It goes into one end
and out of the other end. Into, out of, those
are opposites. Into, go in. Out of, exit. Out of.
A lot of times when people are speaking quickly
they say: outta, outta. If you want to learn more
about those lazy contractions that native
speakers use, I do have a lesson on 20 tips
to understand fast English. You'll learn things
like out of is, outta. You know going to is, gonna.
Lots of tips like that. I'll link this video down
below for you if you're interested. So we have
into and out of. We also have onto and off. Those
are again, opposites. Onto, on the top of something.
Off, drop down. You know what? To explain this
I'm going to use, cats, because cats are good at
prepositions. The cat jumped into the
box. The cat jumped out of the basket.
The cat jumped out of the basket.
The cat jumped onto the
table. The cat jumped off the
couch. Here's a little note, many times
people say: off of, and this is used in
casual informal conversations. For example: He
bungee jumped, he bungee jumped off of the bridge.
A book. A book fell off of my shelf. So, of isn't
necessary, but sometimes you might hear it. My
walk to work is really long. Why did my car break
down? Okay, eventually I get to a stream. A stream
is a little river, a narrow river. I jump over the
stream and walk across a bridge. Over: from A to B
in an up and down movement. Across: A to B and a
side to side movement. The children climbed over
the fence, up and down. I stepped over the hole.
I walked across the street, side to side. Mary
swam across the English Channel, wow. Little tip:
this here is a crosswalk, a crosswalk. Pedestrians,
pedestrians walk across crosswalks. Pedestrians
walk across crosswalks. So hopefully this can
help you remember, across. Across, a crosswalk. We
know across means from A to B. But a lot of times
across and through can be used interchangeably.
Because through is travel in the middle, across
is A to B, they're very similar. On our road trip
we drove across three states. On our road trip we
drove through three states, same thing. And a road
trip is a long trip in a car, a vacation. You go
from here, to there, to there. A very long trip. Okay,
today's lesson is prepositions of movement. I want
to compare something I said in this lesson, to
something I said in my other lesson: Prepositions
Of Place. Let's take a look: I put a dream catcher ,
a dream catcher over my bed. Okay, here I'm using:
over. In this example there is no movement. This
is just the location of the dream catcher. I just
wanted to clarify that some prepositions can
have multiple functions. But, in the context of
the situation, it'll be clear. What's the opposite
of over? Under. A river runs under a bridge. The dog
dug a hole and crawled under the fence. I don't
like walking under scaffolding. Scaffolding is
the poles and wood planks people put up to fix a
house. My walk continues. I have to walk up and down
down a hill. I have to walk up and down another
hill. Up and down, I think those two prepositions
are pretty self-explanatory. Self-explanatory
is an adjective which means: something explains
itself, it doesn't need an explanation. My kids
love riding up and down escalators, escalators.
A couple of friends pushed a snowball
up a hill and watched it roll down the
hill. Let's keep going! A tree has fallen onto my
path. A tree has fallen onto my path. Remember, onto
means: on top of something. I can't can't go over
it, it's too big. I can't go under it, I have to go
around the tree. Around, you move on the outside
of something. I have to walk around the tree. I
walked around the puddle, so my feet wouldn't
get wet. So around can be like this, from here
to there. But around can also be
a complete circle, both are fine. I
run around the track a couple of times whenever I
exercise. You can drive around this island in half
a day. Well, this is the end of the lesson. I'm still
not at work. In fact, I'm lost. Test time! Can
you please choose the correct preposition for
each sentence? There is only one possible
answer per sentence. Pause the video to do
this. Okay, if you've enjoyed this lesson
and really want the notes to this lesson
you can join my English Nerd Membership
and download the notes in PDF format. I'll
leave the join link down below for you
if you want to check it out. Here are the
answers, how did you do? Please leave
me your score in the comments below.
You can even give me a couple of example
sentences. Thank you so much for watching,
I really appreciate you being here, and
I'll see you next time. Thank you, bye!!!
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About this lesson
Learn prepositions of movement: to, from, past, into, onto, along, across, up, down, around, and more.