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you must wear a mask you have to wear a
mask they must be at home they have to
be at
home must or have
to in today's lesson I'm going to teach
you about these two verbs I'm going to
divide this lesson into two parts part
one choice
part two
probability what choice and probability
what's that don't worry I will explain
everything step by step at the end of
this lesson I have a test for you with
10 questions can you please let me know
how you did on the test did you get 10
correct out of 10 or maybe six correct
out of 10 let me know I really love
hearing from you well my name's
Arnell let's
start first things first the grammatical
structures you can see I have
subject must have to plus base
verb what's the base verb well the base
form of the verb is verb number one eat
eight
eaten play played played eat and play
are the big form of the verb you can see
must Remains the Same for all subjects I
must go you must go he must
go he musts
go she must
goes the forms stay the
same you can see have to changes
depending on the subject object I have
to go you have to go but he she it has
to
go and we always keep the base form
after two she has to
goes
never there's one more thing I want to
add in this part you might hear or see
this I have got to go you have got to go
this is perfectly correct it's just a
little less
formal in today's lesson I'm not going
to go into have got to because I really
just want to focus on must and have to I
do have a lesson on this
topic I'll leave this video link in the
description and comments down below for
you part one choice
es you can see my line here I have no
choice and your
choice what do I mean by that well no
choice means you cannot choose we're
talking about obligations Like rules and
laws your choice means you can choose we
can use must and have to when you do not
have a choice the verbs mean the exact
same same
thing citizens must pay
tax citizens are people um who have a
passport from that country so for
example I can say she is an Indian
citizen he is a Mexican
citizen citizens have to pay tax notice
the pronunciation have
to have to to there's a f sound have
to yes you can say citizens have got to
pay tax but again I'm not going to focus
on
that students must wear a school
uniform students have to wear a school
uniform no
choice if you want to hunt deer in these
Woods you must have a hunting
license you have to have a hunting
license I know have to have seems
strange but there's have to plus the
base form of the verb perfectly correct
have to have with all of my examples so
far you can see there's no
choice if you don't do these things
there will be a
punishment you might need to pay a
fine a fine is money you need to pay
it's a penalty or maybe you might go to
jail those are
punishments okay so if we can use these
verbs in the same way are there no
differences are they exactly the
same with rules and laws must is more
common in formal written English
official content
let's look at a
sign employees H wash hands before
leaving the restroom must or have to
which one do you think it
is right must have to is perfectly
correct you could see employees have to
wash hands before leaving the restroom
but again this is written it's a
sign I want to show you a couple more
examples of must being more common in
written formal
contexts imagine you want to visit the
White House in the USA let's
go here I have the White House website
you can visit the white house if you
want I'm going to quickly scroll through
this must
must
must all of the examples with must give
you a rule there's not a single have to
on this page if you want to read the
full sentences I'll leave this um
website link in the description below
for you but I think you get the
idea here's a common
question is this American English or
British
English both must and have to are common
everywhere let's say you want to visit
Big Ben in
[Music]
London the Big Ben tour is not suitable
for everyone visitors must be aged 11
and
over visitors have to be aged 11 and
over perfectly correct but again this is
written okay I'll bring up the
grammatical structures once
again remember earlier in this lesson I
said the forms stay the
same so if the forms are always the same
how do we know if we're speaking about
the past the present or the
future I think we need a
chart oh okay I have rules and laws here
we are still speaking about no choice
past present and future and must and
have
to H you can see with must there is only
one
form citizens must pay tax this is true
now right students have to wear a school
uniform this is also true
now when I was in school I
had to wear a school
uniform next year students will have to
wear a school
uniform here's a headline from National
geographic.com you've had to cancel your
vacation here's what to do next here we
see the present perfect tense being
used so you can see have to is much more
diverse in terms of
tense there is no mustard there is no
will must so in your speaking or writing
if you want to change the tense you need
to use have to you have to use have
to things change in the negative take a
look you can see I must not go you must
not go he she it must not go the forms
don't change
I do not have to go you do not have to
go he she it does not have to go
remember that does the correct structure
is subject do not have to plus base verb
we do not say I haven't to
go look in the negative must not Remain
the same no choice let's go to the zoo
visitors must not touch the animals I
think that's clear you must not do it
it's
dangerous many zoos have a petting
zoo what's a petting zoo a petting zoo
is a mini Zoo where you can go to pet
the animals like in this picture
here and the verb pet is this
so you can pet a cat you can pet a dog
we have a petting zoo you can pet the
animals have you seen Jurassic world in
that movie there's a Dinosaur Petting
Zoo
anyway if you go to a petting zoo would
someone say this you must pet the
animals you have to pet the animals
no nobody would say that it's not a rule
or a law nobody's going to take your
hand and force you to pet the
animals would someone
say You must not pet the
animals no if you must not pet the
animals why have a petting
zoo it's your choice right you can pet
the animals or not we can say you don't
have to pet the animals you can pet them
if you want or you can just look and
take
pictures it's your
choice I want to give you another
example let's compare two different
Parks ah it's a sunny day it's the
perfect day to take your dog out in park
a we can see a
sign dogs must be on leash and under
control at all times
this is a
leash H shouldn't this say on a
leash well with signs articles a and the
are often
removed we can see a dog walker here
with her dog on a leash she is following
the rules very
good in park B your dog doesn't have to
be on a leash it's your
choice
here we have some dogs playing together
maybe this is a dog park but this couple
decided to keep their dog on a leash you
can see don't or doesn't have to means
your choice whatever you
want question in which Park will you
need to pay a fine if your dog is not on
a
leash right park a
we've looked at rules and laws but what
if we're speaking about personal
obligations for
example I must stop worrying so
much I must fix the sink today the
dripping is driving me
crazy you must remember to thank Julie
for the
flowers with these examples here you can
see these obligations are coming from
the speaker this is perfectly
correct however this is more common um
in British English Americans would tend
to use have to I have to stop woring so
much I have to fix a sink today you have
to remember to thank Julie for the
flowers I have
to I have have
to I have to what what's the verb this
is really common especially in spoken
English if the verb is already clear you
do not need to repeat
it in this specific episode he means I
have to kill someone but he doesn't need
to say it everyone in that room they
know what he's talking
about we should invite Dan and Julie to
our party do we have
to or less
commonly must we it's clear speaker b
means do we have to invite them must we
invite
them okay let's move on to part
two part two
probability what's
probability I'll explain that as we go
through the
lesson here we have Nick what what do
you think Nick's favorite color
is H blue t-shirt blue walls everything
is
blue his favorite color must be blue his
favorite color has to be
blue his favorite color has got to be
blue but do I know this am I 100% sure
no I've never met Nick I'm 95%
sure this is what probability is when we
look at the evidence around us so we
feel very strongly about something it's
like the very first example I gave you
in this
lesson they must be at
home I don't know that I didn't see them
inside but their lights are on they must
be at home they have to be at home in
your grammar books you might see the
term
deductions this is the same thing when
you look at a situation you look at the
evidence and you come to a conclusion
but again you're about 95% sure you
don't know this is an absolute
fact H how old do you think Leanne is
I've never met Leanne I've never seen
her passport I don't
know she must be in her 20s she has to
be in her
20s in English when we say someone is in
their 20s in their 30s in their 40s Etc
we mean between the ages 20 29 30 39 40
49 I can say my parents are in their 60s
so lean must be has to be in her
20s I don't have any bread at home do
you think the gas station will have
bread they must have bread they have to
have bread everyone buys
bread honey I bought this sweater for
you to wear to my parents Christmas
party you must be
joking you have to be joking we can take
a picture that and Frank did last
year just like part one things change in
the negative and
past present lean must be in her 20s
lean has to be in her 20s I'm almost
certain but how can we express the
opposite how can I say something is
impossible
Leanne can't be in her 20s Leanne cannot
be in her
20s Leanne mustn't be in her
20s Leanne doesn't have to be in our
20s you can see the change is pretty
dramatic in the negative let's take this
to the
past when Leanne graduated from medical
school
she must have been in her 20s she had to
have been in her
20s I know the structure is pretty long
subject must have Plus past
participle subject had to have Plus past
participle the past participle is verb
number three eat ate eaten play played
played eaten and played are my past
participles how can we make this
negative in the past impossible in the
past Leanne started medical school when
she was
27 she can't have graduated in her 20s
she couldn't have graduated in her 20s
impossible some of you might be
wondering but what about the future
well there isn't really a future form
for this we would use other structures
for example she will probably graduate
in her 20s she's going to graduate in
her 20s there isn't really a specific um
form for these for the
future let's do another
example imagine you have a history test
and you see this question what year did
the
Titanic
sink SN is an irregular verb sink sink
sunk I didn't study for the test but I
feel pretty strongly about
this the answer must be 1912 the answer
has to be 1912 I mean 1880 is too early
1950 is too recent it must be 1912
let's make this
impossible the answer can't be
1950 the answer cannot be 1950 that's
impossible so we're using the present
because we're talking about the test now
but let's take this to the past to the
actual
event
H the Titanic must have sunk in
1912 the Titanic had to have sunk in
1912 past
impossibility the Titanic can't have
sunk in
1950 it couldn't have sunk in
1950 if it had sunk then we'd have
better pictures of it but we
don't have you seen the movie
Titanic I love that movie if you haven't
seen it maybe you've heard of it we're
going to watch a little clip and of
course I'm not going to explain the
whole movie that would take 3 hours but
in this movie some people are searching
for a very special Diamond they don't
know where it is but this character he's
pretty certain he knows where the
diamond
is so the diamond had to have gone down
with the ship H so the diamond had to
have gone down with the ship based on
the evidence he's 95%
certain notice how he contracts to and
have had to have had to have gone down
with the
ship so the diamond had to have gone
down with the
ship so the diamond had to have gone
down with the
ship let's do one more example before
the
test is this your phone
no it must belong to one of my
students it has to belong to one of my
students I mean who
else it can't belong to one of my
students I have a very strict no phones
in class
rule imagine the teacher puts the phone
on her desk has her lunch break she
comes back and the phone is
gone a student must have taken their
phone a student had to have taken their
phone who
else a student can't have taken the
phone a student couldn't have taken the
phone my office was locked during my
lunch break maybe it was another
teacher how are you feeling let's move
on to the test test time 10 questions in
total can you please choose the best
answer for each question pause the video
to do
this okay here are the answers how did
you do please let me know your score in
the comments below I love reading them I
love reading your comments thank you so
much I'll explain the answers in case
you're curious why you got something
wrong but to do this I need my notes
because I haven't memorized all of the
um the
answers okay are you ready number one
must not is clear it's illegal to text
while
driving number two has to because the
subject is she she has
to number three it's your choice you can
wear a costume or
not number four last year so the past is
clear and this wasn't our choice we were
forced to do this because we were
sick number five again this is a
law number six well if a restaurant is
always really busy you are 95% sure they
have good food number seven we need H to
because a subject Is He And if someone
does something 5 days a week you can be
pretty certain that that they enjoy
it number
eight can't because we think that's
impossible Brothers with two different
nationalities are not so
common number nine we need the past form
because we see
saw is it possible to use option
C grammatically yes but it's a logical
conclusion that the same product comes
from the same
store number 10 something wasn't
possible I was in New York last week I
can't be in two places at the same
time wow thank you so much for watching
this lesson I hope you learned something
new and I'll see you next time
[Music]
bye
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